Varicose veins of the small pelvis are now a common disease that affects many women between the ages of 25 and 40.Otherwise, the disease is called chronic pelvic pain syndrome or pelvic venous congestion syndrome.The cause of this problem is the backflow of blood through the ovarian vein, which occurs due to compression of the vessels.That is, venous dilatation of the pelvic veins is a disease directly related to the decrease in the elasticity of the venous wall.
Many doctors consider this pathology something exotic and make such a diagnosis extremely rarely.This is explained by the fact that the pathology can manifest itself with various symptoms and a severe pain syndrome always prevails.For this reason, most experts confuse varicose veins of the pelvic organs with various hormonal or gynecological diseases of an inflammatory nature.But it is precisely on the timely diagnosis of varicose veins of the small pelvis that the quality of a woman's life and the possibility of having children in the future depends.Why does this disease develop, what symptoms does it appear and how to treat pelvic varicose veins?We will talk about all this in this article.
Features of the development of varicose veins of the pelvis
Such a phenomenon as varicose veins of the ovaries and uterus has been known in medicine for a long time.This disease was first identified in the 1980s and has not been fully studied to date.And every year cases of this pathology are becoming more common, as the lifestyle of most people has changed during this period.Today, most people have sedentary jobs and lead unhealthy lifestyles.The mechanism for the development of varicose veins of the small pelvis is triggered by various hormonal changes, as well as the increasing pressure of the uterus on the vessels of the small pelvis, which is usually observed during pregnancy.
Congestion begins to occur in the pelvic vessels, provoking the development of the disease.
The algorithm for the development of pathology is as follows:
- The vascular system of the small pelvis is quite complex and consists of large vessels, which in turn are divided into smaller veins.In addition, the structure of the pelvis in women and men is slightly different, which explains the occurrence of this disease especially in women;
- compression of blood vessels occurs, as well as blockage of veins, due to which the tone of the vascular walls changes and the process of blood flow from the deep veins of the pelvis is disrupted;
- due to a malfunction, the pelvic veins are unable to perform their functions correctly.This leads to the progression of venous valve insufficiency;
- congestion begins to occur in the pelvic vessels, which leads to the development of varicose veins of the small pelvis.
Unlike varicose veins of the legs, which are accompanied by protrusion of the veins of the lower extremities, varicose veins of the pelvis in women go unnoticed, since the veins located deep in the pelvis are affected.Therefore, many women may not even suspect that they have this pathology.But there is still one main symptom that indicates the presence of a problem in almost all cases.And this symptom is pain, which is characterized by intensity and duration, and is usually observed before critical days or after intense physical exertion.
Causes of development of pelvic venous congestion syndrome
As mentioned above, the disease occurs mainly due to changes in hormone levels.And women of childbearing age are the most susceptible to the development of this pathological process.Pregnant girls and women working in difficult physical conditions are especially susceptible to varicose veins of the pelvis.In some cases, this type of varicose veins can develop during adolescence, also accompanied by changes in hormone levels.
The most common cause of the disease is pregnancy.
But unlike the course of the disease in adulthood, in this case the pathology is asymptomatic.And the only thing that allows you to suspect the presence of a problem is an increase in the amount of vaginal discharge.That is, we can say that the main reasons for the development of varicose veins of the small pelvis are hormonal changes in the body and pregnancy.But there are also other reasons for the development of the disease:
- Congenital connective tissue dysplasia.This phenomenon is observed in 30% of people and is characterized by thinning and tortuosity of the veins, as well as weakness of the venous valves;
- difficult or multiple births.Various complications during the birth process or the birth of a large fetus lead to disruption of the outflow of blood in the veins of the small pelvis;
- pregnancy with multiple fetuses at the same time.This leads to an increased load on the body, especially on the pelvic vessels;
- some gynecological diseases;
- long-term use of hormonal contraceptives;
- treatment with hormonal drugs;
- retroflexion of the uterus.
There are also the following factors that provoke the development of varicose veins of the pelvis:
- severe physical stress, such as constant heavy lifting;
- work standing or sitting;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- increased estrogen levels;
- sexual dysfunctions, such as lack of orgasms;
- frequent use of broken relationships.
But the most common cause of the development of pathology is still pregnancy.During this period of life, almost 30% of women suffer from chronic pelvic pain syndrome.Basically, symptoms of the disease begin to appear after 8 weeks of gestation.
Classification of the disease
Depending on the nature of the course, varicose veins of the small pelvis can be of 2 forms:
- varicose veins of the perineum and external genitalia.If the disease progresses, varicose veins may spread to the inner surface of the thigh;
- pelvic venous congestion syndrome.
This classification is not very widespread in medicine, since both of these forms arise simultaneously as a consequence of each other.Dilated veins of the vulva are observed quite often in pregnant women, and in most cases the pathology disappears on its own after childbirth, but not always.Depending on the size of the damaged veins and the location of the pathology, 3 degrees are distinguished:
- first degree.The damaged vein reaches a diameter of no more than 5 mm, is localized in any venous plexus of the small pelvis and is characterized by a corkscrew-shaped course of blood vessels;
- second degree.The diameter of the vein can vary from 6 to 10 mm and is usually observed with the total type of varicose veins, localized in the ovaries or uterus;
- third degree.The damaged vein exceeds 10 mm in diameter with total varicose veins or main localization.
Depending on the degree of development of the disease, an appropriate treatment method is selected.For the first and second degrees of varicose veins of the small pelvis, the doctor usually prescribes conservative treatment, which consists of changes in lifestyle, special exercises and the use of medications.But the third stage of the pathology can only be cured with surgery.
Symptoms of varicose veins of the pelvis
A disease such as pelvic varicose veins, the symptoms of which are different, is often masked by other diseases of the reproductive system.The main sign of pathology is severe pain in the lower abdomen, which appears for no apparent reason and can radiate to the lumbar region or perineum.In addition, the pain is usually accompanied by baseless mucous discharge from the vagina, which increases in the second phase of the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms: Severe sharp pain in the lower abdomen before and during menstruation.
Additionally, if pelvic varicose veins are present, the symptoms may be as follows:
- severe sharp pain in the lower abdomen before and during menstruation;
- increased sensitivity of the perineum and vagina;
- menstrual irregularities;
- a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis when standing for a long time;
- itching and discomfort in the vulva area;
- the presence of protruding veins and varicose veins on the perineum, characteristic of varicose veins;
- unpleasant sensations, discomfort during intimacy.
You may also experience problems with pregnancy and disturbances in the urination process, for example, increased frequency.And in the case of such a form of the disease as varicose veins of the genital organs, bleeding and acute thrombophlebitis of the perineal veins may occur.Symptoms can be mild or pronounced, and one symptom or an entire complex of symptoms can be observed.This is what makes it difficult to diagnose such a phenomenon as varicose veins of the pelvic organs in women.
Consequences of varicose veins of the pelvis
This type of varicose veins is not an extremely dangerous disease.And timely diagnosis of the pathology will allow you to quickly get rid of the unpleasant phenomenon with the help of a properly selected course of treatment.But it is usually quite difficult to identify the disease in a timely manner, and many women live with this problem without even knowing it.And as the disease progresses, the following serious complications begin to develop in the body:
- dysfunction of the reproductive system, leading to infertility;
- neurasthenia due to pain syndrome;
- fear of intimacy due to constant pain during sexual intercourse;
- inflammation of the uterus and appendages;
- bladder diseases;
- uterine bleeding.
Varicose veins of the pelvis in women, without proper treatment, continue to develop and spread to adjacent organs and body parts.And in 5% of cases there is a possibility of developing venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which are fatal diseases.
Diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins of the pelvis
Due to the generality of the symptoms and localization of the symptoms of the disease, varicose veins of the small pelvis are rather difficult to diagnose.And just 20 years ago, the correct diagnosis was made in only 2% of cases.Misdiagnosis of the problem sometimes even led to the removal of the uterus, which could have been avoided with the use of modern diagnostic equipment.Today, to make a correct diagnosis, a comprehensive examination is carried out with the participation of a gynecologist and phlebologist.
A popular type of treatment for the disease is laparoscopy.
After a thorough interview and examination of the patient, the doctor today prescribes the most accurate methods of diagnosing pelvic varicose veins:
- laparoscopy;
- phlebography;
- Dopplerography of blood vessels;
- Ultrasound of the venous system;
- selective ovariography;
- computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging;
- Varigraphy.
The doctor may also order additional tests, such as blood tests and x-rays, which can help more accurately assess the patient's condition.After making an accurate diagnosis, the doctor selects the most appropriate treatment, the purpose of which is:
- normalization of vascular tone;
- improve blood supply to tissues;
- elimination of symptoms;
- preventing the development of congestion and various complications.
Treatment of varicose veins of the pelvic veins should be comprehensive and may consist of medications and basic therapy, surgical intervention and treatment with folk remedies.Basic therapy for the disease includes:
- regular therapeutic exercises;
- special diet;
- contrast shower;
- wear special underwear.
Also, if necessary, you should review your daily routine.If the cause of the development of varicose veins is physical stress due to the specific nature of the work, it is necessary to switch to easier work.Pharmacological treatment of pelvic varicose veins consists of the use of the following drugs:
- phlebotonics;
- enterosorbents;
- antioxidants;
- drip protectors;
- hormonal drugs.
Surgical intervention is prescribed only at an advanced stage of varicose veins, if conservative treatment is ineffective or if it is impossible to eliminate the pain syndrome.Among other things, your doctor may recommend using herbal remedies that contain dandelion, horse chestnut, or chaga.